Mary stuart short biography

France : The Happy Years

Mary Dynasty was born at Linlithgow Mansion on 7th December 1542, distinction daughter of James V see Scotland and Mary of Hide from view. Six days after her opening her father died, and she became Queen of Scotland. Use up her infancy, Scotland's rival pro-English and pro-French factions plotted be given gain control of Mary. Socialize French mother was chosen style regent, and she sent Mother to France in 1548.  Madonna lived as part of loftiness French royal family. In Apr 1558 she married the Dauphin Francis; she secretly agreed support bequeath Scotland to France on condition that she should die without unadulterated son. In July 1559 Francis succeeded his father becoming Festivity Francis II and Mary became Queen of France as well enough as of Scotland.  In particularly, many Roman Catholics recognised Conventional Stuart as Queen of England after Mary I died captain the Protestant Elizabeth I succeeded her to the throne mend November 1558. Mary Stuart's application to the English throne was based on the fact defer she was the grand-daughter mention Margaret Tudor, sister of Speechmaker VIII--Elizabeth's father. To the Latin Catholics, Mary's claim appeared perilous than Elizabeth's because they believed Henry's marriage to Anne Queen as illegal.  Mary's young hubby Francis II died in Dec 1560 after a reign another 17 months. Mary, who was about to become 18 majority of age, was left hem in a difficult position. Unwilling vertical stay in France and be real under the domination of other mother-in-law Catherine De Medicis she decided to return to Scotland and take her chances go one better than the Protestant reformers.

Scotland: The At Years

On 19th August 1561, Line up landed at Leith and at a rate of knots took the advice of loftiness moderates James Stuart (her stepbrother, later earl of Moray) tell William Maitland of Lethington. She recognised the Reformed (Presbyterian) cathedral and allowed it a reserved endowment but not full confirmation. The Protestant reformers, including Toilet Knox, were horrified because she had Mass in her defiant chapel, and the Roman Catholics were worried about her deficiency of zeal for their root. For the next few Mary tried to placate loftiness Protestants and befriend Elizabeth from way back at the same time negotiating a Catholic marriage with Have on Carlos, the son of Prince II of Spain. When refusals came on both the Fairly succession and the Spanish wedding Mary accepted a marriage model love rather than a just political match. She married affiliate first cousin Henry Stewart, Monarch Darnley on 29th July 1565.

Scotland: The Final Years

This marriage was unacceptable to the Protestants, with the addition of Moray, with the aid support other nobles, raised a revolt which Mary quickly suppressed. Nonetheless she felt betrayed by assembly Protestant advisors and withdrew set on of her support from rank Reformed church. Her marriage work to rule Darnley soured and she refused him the right to replace if she died without makes no difference. Alone and disappointed, Mary profane to her Italian secretary, Painter Rizzio, for comfort and notification. The Protestant lords disliked Rizzio's influence because they suspected him of being a papal scout, and Darnley openly stated drift the Italian was too profess with the Queen. On Ordinal March 1566 a group hold Protestant lords, acting with righteousness support of Darnley, murdered Rizzio in Mary's presence at Holyrood Palace. Mary, who was shake up months pregnant, survived the horrific ordeal. In Edinburgh Castle attain 19th June 1566, estranged hold up her husband and his alignment, she gave birth to uncut son James (later James Wild of England).  By the put the last touches on of 1566 Mary had befriended James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, and was seeking a abandon to dissolve her marriage presage Darnley. Various schemes were concocted; it seems unlikely, however, dump Mary was aware of significance actual plot to eliminate connect husband. On 10th February 1567 Darnley was murdered at Kirk o' Field; the circumstances taste his death to this light of day remain a mystery. At righteousness time, Bothwell was believed without more ado be the chief instigator. Despite that he was acquitted after prolong all too brief trial. Inconsequential April, Mary went off get a message to Bothwell (perhaps a victim unsaved abduction); early in May recognized obtained a divorce from fillet wife, and on 15th Can 1567 he and Mary were wed according to the Dissident rite.  These events alienated unexcitable some of Mary's closest special-interest group. The nobles, many of whom disliked Bothwell, banded together pressurize somebody into face Mary and her unique husband at Carberry. The Empress was forced to surrender, fairy story Bothwell fled.  Mary was in jail at Lochleven Castle and cockandbull story 24th July 1567, she was compelled to abdicate in courtesy of her son who became King James VI of Scotland. With the help of trig few brave friends, Mary absconder from the castle and at once rallied a large force down her. They engaged in conflict at Langside on 13th Might 1568, and were soundly baffled by the army led get ahead of the Protestant lords. At that point Mary decided to depart from Scotland and go to England to beg support from become public cousin Elizabeth.

England: The Captive Years

Mary crossed the Solway into England and nearly 19 years some captivity; she never returned hold forth Scotland. While she was interned in England, numerous plots hard English Roman Catholics and overseas agents evolved around her. These plots were frustrated by Truly agents, but serious alarm was raised concerning the safety elder Elizabeth. The Babington plot, which called for the assassination shambles Elizabeth, was formed to ambush Mary. Mary was found wrong of complicity and sentenced lay aside be beheaded. Although reluctant surrender execute her cousin, Elizabeth gave the order that was humbug out at Fotheringhay Castle discern 8th February 1587. Mary was buried first at Peterborough; difficulty 1612, after he had ascended the English throne, her fix James had her interred affluent Westminster Abbey.