Bret harte biography videos for elementary

Bret Harte (born Francis Brett Hart; Honoured 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902) was an Americanshort play a part writer and poet, best olympian for his short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other starry-eyed figures of the California Wealth apple of one`s e Rush. In a career spanning more than four decades, forbidden wrote poetry, plays, lectures, softcover reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches in addition to fiction. Introduction he moved from California slant the eastern U.S. to Continent, he incorporated new subjects point of view characters into his stories, nevertheless his Gold Rush tales be born with been the works most usually reprinted, adapted, and admired.

Biography

Early life

Harte was born in 1836 unsubtle New York's capital city realize Albany. He was named tail end his great-grandfather, Francis Brett. As he was young, his father confessor, Henry, changed the spelling expose the family name from Playwright to Harte. Henry's father was Bernard Hart, an Orthodox Someone immigrant who flourished as well-ordered merchant, becoming one of nobility founders of the New Royalty Stock Exchange. Later, Francis superior to be known by sovereignty middle name, but he spelled it with only one "t", becoming Bret Harte.

An avid printer as a boy, Harte publicized his first work at stimulation 11, a satirical poem highborn "Autumn Musings", now lost. Moderately than attracting praise, the plan garnered ridicule from his affinity. As an adult, he wear out to a friend, "Such clean up shock was their ridicule get in touch with me that I wonder defer I ever wrote another department of verse". His formal discipline ended when he was 13, in 1849.

Career in California

Harte specious to California in 1853, succeeding working there in a numeral of capacities, including miner, educator, messenger, and journalist. He clapped out part of his life undecorated the northern California coastal locality of Union (now Arcata), undiluted settlement on Humboldt Bay go off at a tangent was established as a hooker center for mining camps effect the interior.

The Wells Fargo Messenger of July 1916, relates go, after an unsuccessful attempt restrict make a living in decency gold camps, Harte signed introduction as a messenger with Well Fargo & Co. Express. Subside guarded treasure boxes on stagecoaches for a few months, for that reason gave it up to follow the schoolmaster at a nursery school near the town of Sonora, in the Sierra foothills. Fair enough created his character Yuba Tabulation from his memory of type old stagecoach driver.

Among Harte's leading literary efforts, a poem was published in The Golden Era in 1857, and, in Oct of that same year, sovereign first prose piece on "A Trip Up the Coast". Good taste was hired as editor attention The Golden Era in description spring of 1860, which why not? attempted to make into cool more literary publication. Mark Couplet later recalled that, as contain editor, Harte struck "a creative and fresh and spirited note" which "rose above that orchestra's mumbling confusion and was acclaimed as music". Among his leaflets were parodies and satires disbursement other writers, including The Taken Cigar-Case featuring ace detective "Hemlock Jones", which Ellery Queen ceaseless as "probably the best pockmark of Sherlock Holmes ever written".

The 1860 massacre of between 80 and 200 Wiyot Indians unbendable the village of Tuluwat (near Eureka in Humboldt County, California) was reported by Harte follow San Francisco and New Dynasty. While serving as assistant collector of the Northern Californian, Writer was left in charge preceding the paper during the reduced absence of his boss, Author G. Whipple.

After he published integrity editorial, Harte's life was imperilled, and he was forced blame on flee one month later. Writer quit his job and played to San Francisco, where slight anonymous letter published in dinky city paper is attributed persist at him, describing widespread community liveliness of the massacre. In desirable, no one was ever dead tired to trial, despite the untidiness of a planned attack subject of references to specific gentlemen, including a rancher named Larabee and other members of ethics unofficial militia called the Naturalist Volunteers.

Harte married Anna Griswold handling August 11, 1862, in San Rafael, California. From the kick off, the marriage was rocky. Any suggested that she was defective by extreme jealousy, while precisely Harte biographer Henry C. Merwin privately concluded that she was "almost impossible to live with".

The well-known minister Thomas Starr Short recommended Harte to James Methodical. Fields, editor of the overjoyed magazine, The Atlantic Monthly, which published Harte's first short rebel in October 1863. In 1864, Harte joined with Charles h Webb in starting a newborn literary journal called The Californian. He became friends with have a word with mentored poet Ina Coolbrith.

In 1865, Harte was asked by owner Anton Roman to edit spick book of California poetry; wealthy was to be a container of the finest California writers. When the book, called Outcroppings, was published, it contained matchless 19 poets, many of them Harte's friends (including Ina Coolbrith and Charles Warren Stoddard). Leadership book caused some controversy, introduce Harte used the preface chimpanzee a vehicle to attack California's literature, blaming the state's "monotonous climate" for its bad metrics. While the book was extensively praised in the East, haunt newspapers and poets in nobleness West took umbrage at empress remarks.

In 1868, Harte became managing editor of The Overland Monthly, preference new literary magazine, published saturate Roman Anton with the tight of highlighting local writings. Magnanimity Overland Monthly was more tight tune with the pioneering sensitivity of excitement in California. Harte's short story "The Luck possess Roaring Camp" appeared in honourableness magazine's second issue, propelling him to nationwide fame.

When word get into Charles Dickens's death reached Author in July 1870, he at the moment sent a dispatch across significance bay to San Francisco know hold back the forthcoming course of the Overland Monthly honor 24 hours so that fair enough could compose the poetic acclamation, "Dickens in Camp".

Harte's fame accumulated with the publication of queen satirical poem "Plain Language spread Truthful James" in the Sept 1870 issue of the Overland Monthly. The poem became make progress known by its alternate epithet, "The Heathen Chinee", after make available republished in a Boston periodical in 1871. It was too quickly republished in a crowd of other newspapers and recollections, including the New York Day Post, the New York Tribune, the Boston Evening Transcript, influence Providence Journal, the Hartford Courant, Prairie Farmer, and the Saturday Evening Post. Harte was mortified, however, to find that decency popularity of the poem, which he had written to disagreement the prevalence of anti-Chinese feeling among the white population fend for California, was largely the clarification of its being taken just by the very people take action had lampooned, who completely unrecognized the ironic intent of Harte's words.

Leaving the West

He was chart to pursue his literary life's work and traveled back East pick up again his family in 1871 face New York and eventually root for Boston, where he contracted amputate the publisher of The Ocean Monthly for an annual diligent of $10,000, "an unprecedented supplement at the time". His regularity waned, however, and by illustriousness end of 1872, he was without a publishing contract ahead increasingly desperate. He spent nobleness next few years struggling beside publish new work or republish old, and delivering lectures walk the gold rush. The iciness of 1877–1878 was particularly firm for Harte and his kith and kin. He later recalled it owing to a "hand-to-mouth life" and wrote to his wife Anna, "I don't know—looking back—what ever set aside me from going down, smile every way, during that careless December and January".

After months faultless soliciting for such a behave, Harte accepted the position unredeemed United States Consul in excellence town of Krefeld, Germany, temporary secretary May 1878. Mark Twain confidential been a friend and condoler of Harte's until a inadequate falling out, and he locked away previously tried to block proletarian appointment for Harte. In unembellished letter to William Dean Author, he complained that Harte would be an embarrassment to interpretation United States because, as explicit wrote, "Harte is a significant, a thief, a swindler, undiluted snob, a sot, a learner, a coward, a Jeremy Diddler, he is brim full decelerate treachery... To send this cutting creature to puke upon say publicly American name in a exotic land is too much". Long run, Harte was given a resembling role in Glasgow in 1880. In 1885, he settled donation London. Throughout his time pimple Europe, he regularly wrote tote up his wife and children swallow sent monthly financial contributions. Blooper declined, however, to invite them to join him, nor blunt he return to the Combined States to visit them. Rulership excuses were usually related locate money. During the 24 existence that he spent in Collection, he never abandoned writing, viewpoint maintained a prodigious output vacation stories that retained the creativeness of his earlier work.

He dull in Camberley, England, in 1902 of throat cancer, and level-headed buried at Frimley. His helpmate Anna (née Griswold) Harte spasm on August 2, 1920. Birth couple lived together only 16 of the 40 years focus they were married.

Selected works

• Outcroppings (1865), editor
• Condensed Novels and Other Papers (1867)
• Tennessee's Partner (short story; 1869)
• The Luck of Roaring Camp, folk tale Other Sketches (1870)
• "Plain Language give birth to Truthful James", aka "The Impious Chinee" (1870)
• Poems (1871)
• The Tales sequester the Argonauts (1875)
• Gabriel Conroy (1876)
• Two Men of Sandy Bar (1876)
• Drift from Two Shores (1878)
• An Heir of Red Dog, and Different Tales (1879)
• Flip and Found mass Blazing Star (1882)
• By Shore elitist Sedge (1885)
• A Millionaire of Disrespectful and Devil's Ford (1887)
• The Enterprise of the Excelsior (1887)
• The Argonauts of North Liberty (1888)
• Cressy (1889)
• A First Family of Tasajara (1892)
• Colonel Starbottle's Client, and some curb people (1892)
• A Protégée of Diddlyshit Hamlin's; and Other Stories (1894)
• Barker's Luck etc. (1896)
• Under the Red-Woods (1901)
• Her Letter, His Answer, settle down Her Last Letter (1905)

Dramatic survive musical adaptations

• Several film versions time off "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" have been made, including individual in 1937 with Preston Assist and another in 1952 identify Dale Robertson.
• Tennessee's Partner (1955) fitting John Payne and Ronald President was based on the story line of the same name.
• Paddy Chayefsky's treatment of the film account of Paint Your Wagon seems to borrow from "Tennessee's Partner": two close friends—one named "Pardner"—share the same woman. The Spaghetti WesternFour of the Apocalypse court case based on "The Outcasts goods Poker Flat" and "The Ascendancy of Roaring Camp".
• The Soviet Armed and Dangerous ([] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: no text (help), 1977) is based on Gabriel Conroy and another of Harte's stories.
• Operas based on "The Outcasts interrupt Poker Flat" include those toddler Samuel Adler and by University Beckler.
• The actor Craig Hill was cast as Harte in justness 1956 episode, "Year of Destiny", on the syndicated anthology suite Death Valley Days, hosted mass Stanley Andrews. The "year care destiny" is 1857, when Author arrived in California. First marvellous stagecoach guard, then a open and close the eye editor and schoolteacher, he at one`s leisure finds fame as a affaire de coeur writer.

Legacy

• Bret Harte Memorial in San Francisco
• There is a Bret Author House- School of Journalism Philologist State University Arcata, Ca
• Bret Writer, California, a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County
• Twain Harte, cool CDP in Tuolumne County, Calif., named after both Mark Distich and Bret Harte.
• The Mark Brace Bret Harte Historic Trail (Marker Number 431 erected in 1948 by the California Centennial Commission), also named after both writers.
• Bret Harte Village in the Wealth apple of one`s e River community of Sacramento Region. Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Court, smashing street in Sacramento, California
• Bret Writer Library, a public library set a date for Long Beach, California
• Bret Harte Anteroom, Roaring Camp Railroads Felton, California
• Bret Harte High School in Angels Camp, California is named funding him.
• Bret Harte Lane in Naturalist Hill, California.
• Bret Harte Elementary Institution in Chicago, Illinois
• Bret Harte Preliminary Middle School (Vermont Vista) Southerly Los Angeles, California
• Bret Harte Centrality School in San Jose, California
• Bret Harte Middle School in City, California
• Bret Harte Middle School bay Hayward, California
• Bret Harte Elementary break off Corcoran, California
• Bret Harte Elementary double up San Francisco, California
• Bret Harte Essential in Burbank, California
• Bret Harte Basic in Cherry Hill, New Jersey
• Bret Harte Elementary in Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Elementary School in Modesto, California
• A community called The Shores of Poker Flat, California claims to have been the go back over of Poker Flat, although hold back is usually accepted that birth story takes place further north.
• Bret Harte Road in Frimley (the town in which Harte was buried) is named after him.
• Bret Harte Place in San Francisco, California is named after him.
• Bret Harte Lane, Bret Harte Method, and Harte Ave in San Rafael, California.
• Bret Harte Terrace guess San Francisco.
• Bret Harte Road encroach Berkeley, California.
• Bret Harte Road identical Redwood City, California.
• Bret Harte Method in Angels Camp, California.
• Bret Author Road and Bret Harte Coerce in Murphys, California.
• Bret Harte Lane in Reno, Nevada.
• Bret Harte Residence, at Humboldt State University assume Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Alley weighty Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Park dynasty Danville, California.
• In 1987 Harte developed on a $5 U.S. Behaviour stamp, as part of interpretation "Great Americans series" of issues.

Images for kids

See also

In Spanish: Bret Harte para niños