Maharaja hari singh biography for kids

Hari Singh

Last ruling Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, from 1925 convey 1952

For other uses, see Hari Singh (disambiguation).

Hari Singh

Singh in 1944

Reign23 September 1925 — 17 November 1952
Coronation29 March 1926[1]
PredecessorPratap Singh
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
RegentKaran Singh (1949–1952)
Born(1895-09-00)September 1895
Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, British India
(present-day Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Died26 Apr 1961(1961-04-26) (aged 65)
Bombay, Maharashtra, India
(present-day Mumbai)
Spouses

Sri Lal Kunverba Sahiba

​

​

(m. 1913; died 1915)​

Rani Sahiba Chamba

​

​

(m. 1915; died 1920)​

Dhanvant Kunveri Baiji

​

​

(m. 1923, died)​

Tara Devi

​

​

(m. 1928; sep. 1950)​
IssueKaran Singh
HouseDogra
FatherAmar Singh
MotherBhotiali Chib
ReligionHinduism

MaharajaSir Hari SinghGCSI GCIE GCVO (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja bring into the light the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Hari Singh was the son of Amar Singh and Bhotiali Chib. In 1923, following his uncle's death, Singh became the new Maharaja expend Jammu and Kashmir. After Amerindic Independence in 1947, Singh loved Jammu and Kashmir to be left as an independent kingdom. Inaccuracy was required to accede show consideration for the Dominion of India forbear get the support of Asiatic troops against an invasion stomach-turning tribal armed men and greatness Pakistan Army into his remark. Singh remained the titular Maharajah of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was the bathroom by the Indian government. Sustenance spending his final days notch Bombay, he died on 26 April 1961.

Singh was clean controversial ruler. He faced stop off agitation in Kashmir in 1931 and successful rebellions in Poonch and Gilgit-Baltistan. He was complicit in 1947 Jammu massacres.

Early life

Hari Singh was born suggestion September 1895 at the residence of Amar Mahal, Jammu. Illegal was the only surviving self of Raja Amar Singh,[3] say publicly brother of Maharaja Pratap Singh, then the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. Since the Maharajah had no issue, Hari Singh was heir presumptive to character throne of Jammu and Cashmere.

In 1903, Hari Singh served as a page of honesty to Lord Curzon at authority grand Delhi Durbar. At integrity age of 13, he was sent to Mayo College guarantee Ajmer. A year later, pluck out 1909, his father died near the British took a precise interest in his education, appointing Major H. K. Barr though his guardian. After Mayo Academy, Hari Singh went to character British-run Imperial Cadet Corps take up Dehradun for military training.[4]

He was appointed the commander-in-chief of nobility State Forces in 1915 unhelpful Maharaja Pratap Singh.[5]

Reign

Following the wasting of his uncle Pratap Singh on 23 September 1925, Hari Singh served as the shortly Prime Minister (1925–1926) of Jammu and Kashmir. Hari Singh ascended the throne of Jammu wallet Kashmir in February 1926 in the shade British intervention, who overruled Pratap Singh's choice of an adoptive son, Raja Jagat Dev Singh of Poonch.[6][7]

Hari Singh's coronation disseminate 22 to 28 February 1926 was divided into two succeed ceremonies - the first juicy days for the religious ceremonies and official programme in ethics latter part was set store for hosting the European attendees.[8] After becoming the ruler, Hari Singh conducted free elections arena formed the Praja Sabha Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly be required to rule with laws implemented entry Ranbir Penal Code (R.P.C) which Praja Sabha decreed.[9] In Apr 1932, as per recommendations fairhaired the Glancy Commission, the Praja Sabha was established, made enter of 75 members – 12 government officials, 16 state councillors, 14 nominated, and 33 elect (21 Muslims, 10 Hindus unacceptable 2 Sikhs). By September 1934 the elected members started construction laws under the Praja Sabha which made Jammu and Cashmere a forerunner state for goad Princely Indian States. On 7 September 1939 Maharaja Hari Singh and his law and Business Minister, Justice Sir Lal Gopal Mukherjee, a former judge be fond of the Allahabad high court (1926–1934) who had served the induct of Jammu and Kashmir depart from 1935 to 1940, produced expert written constitution for Jammu very last Kashmir which was the "pioneer" in the annals of Asia's constitutional history; despite the deed that it was anything on the other hand a people-friendly "Magna Carta" towards the state.[12] He made chief education compulsory in the status, introduced laws prohibiting child wedding, and opened places of exalt to low caste subjects.[13]

Worry 1930, Hari Singh attended nobleness First Round Table Conference boil London. He suggested that class Indian Princely states should get hitched an “All India Federation” skull pleaded for equal status sense Indians in the British Kingdom of Nations.[14] While replying take on the inaugural address by King-Emperor George V, Hari Singh said:

I must express our hollow gratitude to His Most Civil Majesty for the cordial enjoyable tendered to us and Uncontrollable pray that providence may unobstructed us the vision and description will to realize the scene expressed in the inspiring text uttered this morning by left over beloved Emperor. This is representation first occasion on which rectitude Princes of India meet drag person at a Conference Food along with the representatives work British India and His Majesty's Government to discuss the governmental future of India. ... Mad feel deeply gratified at ethics progress which has been beholden with the scheme of require All-India Federation as worked carve out in the Report of goodness Federal Structure Sub-Committee. But day in since the idea of fastidious Federation was taken up greet this Conference, some surprise has been expressed in various domicile in India and in England at the willingness of position Princes to join an All-India Federation. It is said cruise Princes have forced the velocity and that in any instance they should have opposed splendid Federation with British India. Side-splitting have never disguised from blurry friends, my warm support admit the idea of an All-India Federation.[14]

Partition and accession

In 1947, back end India gained independence from Country rule, Jammu and Kashmir locked away the option of joining single of the new dominions, Bharat and Pakistan, or remaining illogical. Hari Singh opted to wait independent for the immediate progressive since the dominions were struck beguiled with partition violence and take action needed time to weigh illustriousness options in the context embodiment his Muslim-majority population. In Oct 1947, he faced an girded uprising in Poonch instigated uncongenial the Muslim Conference party, followed by Pakistan-backed Pashtun tribal raid.

Hari Singh appealed to Bharat for help following the invasion.[15] India's British Governor-General, Lord Mountbatten, advised the Maharaja to bow to India before India could send its troops. The Maharajah signed the Instrument of Entree on 26 October 1947, connecting the princely state to rendering Dominion of India.[16][17][18] India curve troops to repel the invaders, which soon evolved into rendering first Indo-Pakistan War.

Pressure shake off Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru post Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel eventually compelled Singh to align his son and heir, Yuvraj (Crown Prince) Karan Singh, introduction Prince Regent of Jammu advocate Kashmir in 1949, although crystalclear remained the titular Maharaja magnetize the state until 1952 considering that the monarchy was abolished toddler Nehru's government. He was extremely forced to appoint the universal Kashmiri leader Sheikh Abdullah pass for the prime minister of Cashmere. He had a contentious selfimportance with both Nehru and Abdullah.[19] Karan Singh was appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and Governor of the Refurbish in 1964.[19]

Final years and death

After signing the instrument of attainment with India, Hari Singh was banished from Jammu and Cashmere. He spent the rest entity his life in Bombay. Purify died on 26 April 1961, after fourteen years of exclusion. As per his will, potentate ashes were brought to Jammu and spread all over Jammu and Kashmir, and immersed alter the Tawi River at Jammu.[20]

Legacy and memorials

Tributes and memorials

  • On 13 April 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi inaugurated Amar Mahal Museum and Library in Jammu exhibiting 120 Kg 'Dogra Gold Throne' on which Hari Singh on a former occasion reigned. The French designed cheâteau constructed in 1890 was eulogistic by Dr Karan Singh secure Hari-Tara Charitable Trust on 15 January 1970, displays permanent portraiture galleries and encompasses 25,000 books of antique value.[21][22][23]
  • In 1983 Hari Singh's jewellery, which includes crowns, ceremonial swords, necklaces, bracelets, rings, bangles, robes, daggers, watches, ahead even toys stored in trousers to be turned into a-ok museum, was revealed by Srinagar's Treasury office.[24]
  • On 24 January 2000, Captain Dewan Singh and Padma ShriPunam Suri President D.A.V. Academy Managing Committee unveiled a break in gently of Hari Singh at Maharajah Hari Singh Agricultural Collegiate College MHAC, formerly Hari Singh's traveller and horse racing ground.[25]
  • In 2007, Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad inaugurated the 'Hari Singh Janana Park' for women. It assignment landscaped by the Gardens refuse Floriculture Department at New Secretariat.
  • On 1 April 2012, the process of Ram Navami, Union Clergyman Ghulam Nabi Azad and Bang into Karan Singh unveiled a build of Hari Singh near prestige Tawi bridge in Jammu.[26]
  • Sh Kavinder Gupta Mayor of Jammu Civic Corporation erected a statue unredeemed Maharaja Hari Singh in standard posture near Bagh-e-Bahu Police Address adjoining junction crossings linking Gujjar Nagar Tawi Bridge, Jammu Practice, Bagh-e-Bahu, Narwal[27][28]
  • On 16 May 2018, Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti well ahead with Deputy Chief Minister Dr Nirmal Singh inaugurated 'Maharaja Hari Singh Park' wherein statue custom Maharaja Hari Singh in session posture is the main fascination of this park.[29][30]
  • On 23 Sep 2019, the Amar Kshatriya Hindoo Sabha (AKRS) installed a complete statue of Hari Singh life his 119th birthday at Obechi district, near Veer Bhoomi Park.[31]
  • On 23 September 2020, an audio-video song album in Dogri was released highlighting social reforms extraneous by Hari Singh from 1930 onwards.[32]
  • On 23 September 2021, Fracture Ravinder Raina BJP Jammu Guide unveiled a statue of Hari Singh at Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee Bhawan, Sec. 3 Extn, Trikuta Nagar, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, the party headquarters.[33]
  • 23 Sep 2022 is declared as general holiday on the birth go to see of Maharaja Hari Singh adorn Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 (Central Act 26 of 1881) swath Union territory of Jammu opinion Kashmir.[34]

Public Utilities bearing his name

  • Hari Singh School, Kanji House Jammu since 1933, located next smash into Mubarak Mandi Palace is Govt. Education Department's co-educational J&K Counter affiliated school from 9th endorse 12th class.[35]
  • Sri Maharaja Hari Singh SMHS Hospitalor Headwin Hospital Gole Market, Karan Nagar area break into Srinagar since 1945, inaugurated indifference Viceroy of IndiaLord Wavell, expand subcontinent's biggest hospital, built afford Hari Singh at the valuation of Rupees Thirty five lakhs, now is a Government celebrated general hospital and medical college.[36]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh Agricultural Collegiate (MHAC) School Nagbani, P O Domana Jammu since 1976, a C.B.S.E affiliated residential as well variety day boarding school. [37]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Sr. Sec. School Akhnoor City since 1982 pump up a C.B.S.E affiliated school unearth nursery to 12th class.[38]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Sr. Sec. Get around School Poonch Kanuyian since 1982 is a J&K Board collective school from nursery to Ordinal class.[39]
  • Maharaja Hari Singh DAV Sr. Sec. Public School R. Savage Pura since 1982 is unembellished J&K Board affiliated school unearth nursery to 12th class.[40]
  • Government Hari Singh Higher Secondary School Prem Nagar via Residency Road Jammu, is a J&K Board pooled school from 1st to Twelfth standards and since 2018 tidy up additional school for specially-abled dynasty provisioned in new building get used to residential facilities.[41]
  • Government Hari Singh Improved Secondary School Anand Nagar Article. (Camp) Bohri Jammu, is clever J&K Board affiliated school put on the back burner 1st to 12th standards. [42]

Commercial places bearing his name

  • Hari Singh High Street Srinagar, is titled for him. It contains Cardinal gold adornment shops and several luxury item boutiques.[43]
  • Hari Niwas Palace Jammu on the shores dead weight River Tawi, his Jammu visitor house, is now run slightly a heritage hotel with views of the Trikuta Hills boss Vaishno Devi.[44]
  • Hari Market Jammu not bad located on the outskirts some Raghunath TempleJammu and is comparative by multi-tier parking. The dispose of primarily sells dried fruits put forward souvenirs. [45]

Personal life

Blackmail case

In 1921, Singh paid £300,000 (approximately £15,900,000 in today's value) to dinky prostitute who blackmailed him. Integrity issue resulted in a mindnumbing case in London in 1924 during which the India Reign tried to keep his designation out of proceedings by rectification for him to be referred to as Mr. A.[5] Bharat Office in Britain decided retain close the files for fastidious hundred years rather than righteousness usual thirty years as birth case involved espionage.[46]

Personal wealth

Hari Singh was known as a ruinous spender of money. In blue blood the gentry funeral of his uncle bear former ruler, Pratap Singh, noteworthy is believed to have fagged out excessive gold and jewellery mark out the funeral pyre.[47][better source needed]

Marriages

Singh married times as he faced disturbances in his private life. Cardinal of his wives passed trip childless and a third Rajasthani bride was sent back house honour, to her parents' the boards as the couple could shed tears establish an emotional connection.[48] Extremely, Hari Singh faced political don domestic conspiracies at this halt in its tracks and thought it appropriate transmit send back the third helpmate to safety. With his ultimate wife, Tara Devi Sahiba model Kangra, he had a teenager, Karan Singh.[47][49]

No.NameDate of marriageFate conclusion marriageIssue and fate
1Rani Sri Lal Kunverba Sahiba 7 Might 1913 Ended with her deathDied during pregnancy in 1915. Pollex all thumbs butte issue.
2Rani Sahiba Chamba 8 November 1915 Ended with amass deathDied 31 January 1920. Pollex all thumbs butte issue.
3Maharani Dhanvant Kunveri Baiji Sahiba 30 April 1923 EndedDied young. No issue.
4Maharani Town Devi Sahiba of Kangra 1928SeparatedSeparated in 1950. Died in 1967.
Mother of Karan Singh

Titles bid honours

Title and style

As Maharaja, Hari Singh's full style was:

Lieutenant-General His Highness Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shri Hari Singhji Bahadur Indar Mahindar, Sipar-i-Saltanat-i-Inglishia, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, LLD

Honours

Honorary degrees

References

  1. ^Coronation of Sir Hari Singh as the Prince of Kashmir . 29 Foot it 1926
  2. ^General Sir Raja Amar Singh Jamwal : 14 January 1865 – 26 March 1909
  3. ^Wakhlu, S.N. (2004). Hari Singh: The Maharaja, loftiness Man, the Times : a Memoir of Maharaja Hari Singh goods Jammu and Kashmir State, 1895-1961. National Publishing House. p. 32. ISBN .
  4. ^ abSnedden, Christopher (2015). Understanding Cashmere and Kashmiris. Oxford University Beg. p. 128. ISBN .
  5. ^Lamb, Alastair (1994). Birth of a Tragedy: Kashmir, 1947. Roxford Books. p. 58. ISBN .
  6. ^"Pratap Singh's British Rule". Kasmirlife. 3 Hoof it 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  7. ^"Coronation of Maharaja Hari Singh". dailyexcelsior. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  8. ^Hussain, Masood (2 May 2011). "Kashmir's Forename Maharaja". Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  9. ^"Hari Singh's 1939 constitution in J&K marked a first in Southern Asia". Deccan Chronicle. Archived non-native the original on 5 Sept 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  10. ^Anand, Ragubhir Lal (1 February 2014). IS God DEAD?????. Partridge Announcement. p. 26. ISBN .
  11. ^ ab"Remember Maharaja Hari Singh". Daily Excellsior. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  12. ^"Maharaja Hari Singh's Report to Mountbatten". . Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  13. ^Ramachandra., Guha (1 Jan 2008). India after Gandhi : grandeur history of the world's democracy. Harper Perennial. ISBN . OCLC 474262656.
  14. ^Justice A. S. Anand, The Building of Jammu & Kashmir (5th edition, 2006), page 67
  15. ^Kashmir, Proof Paper 04/28 by Paul Bowers, House of Commons Library, Mutual ed 28 July 2004 representative the Wayback Machine, page 46, 30 March 2004
  16. ^ abRamachandra., Guha (1 January 2008). India equate Gandhi : the history of excellence world's largest democracy. Harper Enduring. p. 92. ISBN . OCLC 474262656.
  17. ^Dynasty clash remove Kashmir: Hari Singh's grandson Ajatshatru challenges Abdullahs, The Economic Period, 14 March 2013.
  18. ^"Jammu:Amar Mahal Palace". Archived from the original power 10 April 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
  19. ^"Amar Mahal Museum president Library". Archived from the first on 23 December 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  20. ^Gandhi, Kishor; Singh, Karan (Sadr-i-Riyasat of Jammu deed Kashmir) (1991). The Transition impediment a global society. Allied Publishers. p. 251. ISBN . Retrieved 1 Apr 2010.
  21. ^"A Kashmir treasure is excellence subject of a big controversy". India Today. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  22. ^"MAHARAJA HARISINGH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGIATE Secondary, A UNIT OF DAV Faculty TRUST".
  23. ^"Maharaja's Statue unveiled". The Tribune. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  24. ^"City's statues in a sorry state". Normal Excelsior. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  25. ^"Man behind the idea cold-shouldered". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  26. ^"JDA sold Maharaja Hari Singh Park!". Dainik Jagran. Retrieved 2 Dec 2018.
  27. ^"Mehbooba inaugurates Hari Singh manoeuvre in Jammu". Business Standard. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  28. ^"Maharaja Hari Singh's statue unveiled on his 119th Birthday anniversary". Early Times. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  29. ^"Album on Prince Hari Singh released". Tribune. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  30. ^Ganai, Naseer (4 February 2022). "Why Statues Practice Dogra Kings Are Political Nourishment For Kashmiri Politicians". Outlook. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  31. ^"J&K Govt announces public holiday as tribute intelligence Maharaja Hari Singh". Daily Wadding. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  32. ^"HSS".
  33. ^"SMHS Hospital".
  34. ^"MAHARAJA HARISINGH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, A- UNIT OF DAV COLLEGE TRUST".
  35. ^"MHS DAV Akhnoor".
  36. ^"MHS DAV Poonch".
  37. ^"MHS DAV R. S Pura".
  38. ^"Hari Singh HSS to be converted into primary for special children". Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  39. ^"Government Hari Singh Enhanced Secondary School".
  40. ^"Jewellery Showrooms Hari Singh High Street".
  41. ^"Hari Niwas".
  42. ^"Hari Market con Jammu".
  43. ^Jeffrey, Barbara (2019). Chancers. Amberley. ISBN .
  44. ^ abKashmir’s Last Maharaja, Cashmere Life, 2 May 2011.
  45. ^K.C. Agnihotri. 2016. Jammu Kashmir ke jannayak Mahraja Hari Singh
  46. ^Mufti, Kashmir elaborate Sickness and in Health 2013, p. 157.

Bibliography

  • Mufti, Gulzar (2013), Kashmir crucial Sickness and in Health, Off Publishing India, ISBN 
  • Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islamism, Rights, and the History position Kashmir, C. Hurst & Veneer, ISBN 
  • Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First available in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: Uproarious. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 

External links