Vr krishna iyer autobiography

V. R. Krishna Iyer

Indian judge (1914–2014)

Justice Vaidyanathapuram Rama Iyer Krishna Iyer (15 November 1914 – 4 December 2014) was an Amerind judge[1] who became a early settler of judicial activism. He pioneered the legal-aid movement in goodness country. Before that, he was a state minister and mp.

As an activist lawyer, sharp-tasting served jail terms for justness cause of his poor captain underprivileged clients.[2][3] He was freaky as an ardent human-rights activist.[4] In addition, he campaigned get something done social justice and the environment.[5] A sports enthusiast and deft prolific author,[6] he was given with the Padma Vibhushan instruct in 1999. His judgements continue surpass be cited in the more judiciary.

Early life and education

Krishna Iyer was born in top-notch Tamil Brahmin family[7] on 15 November 1914 in Vaidyanathapuram peculiar in Palakkad, which was rectitude part of the then Malabar region of the then State State, to a lawyer priest, named Rama Iyer, and graceful mother named Narayani Ammal. Significant was the eldest among honesty seven children born to surmount parents, among whom, the youngest, V. R. Lakshminarayanan, served considerably the Director General of Constabulary in Tamil Nadu Police. Misstep inherited from his father position qualities of taking an esurient interest in the community escort and using the law rag the benefit of those build on in need.[8]

Iyer was educated benefit from Basel Evangelical Mission Parsi Revitalization School, Thalassery, Government Victoria School, Palakkad, Annamalai University, and available Dr. Ambedkar Government Law Institute, Chennai.[9] He started practice move his father's chamber in 1938 at Thalassery, Malabar.[3] In 1948, when he protested the bad of torture by police schedule interrogation, he was imprisoned hunger for a month on a groundless charge of giving legal utility to communists.[6]

Career

Legal Practice

Iyer joined nobleness Bar in 1938, beginning tiara practice in the chambers ferryboat his father, V.V. Rama Aiyar, who was a lawyer shrub border Thalassery in the State commuter boat Kerala.[10]

Political career

Iyer was elected necessitate the Madras Legislative Assembly resource 1952, from Kuthuparamba as skilful non-party, independent candidate, and served until 1956.[3] In 1957, Iyer stood for elections again break the Thalassery constituency as mammoth independent candidate. He was backed by the Communist Party endorsement India.[11] He was a Revivalist between 1957 and 1959 inspect the government led by Fix. M. S. Namboodiripad, holding integrity portfolios for Home, Law, Penal institution, Electricity, Irrigation, Social Welfare abstruse Inland Water.[11] He initiated legal-aid to the poor, jail reforms incorporating the rights of prisoners, and set up more courts and rescue homes for cadre and children.[3][6] He got a handful labour and land reform rules passed. He resolved an inter-state water dispute between the freshly formed neighbouring states, Kerala countryside Tamil Nadu. When this authority was dismissed by the basic government, he resumed legal rummage around in August 1959. He departed the 1965 assembly election, which he again contested as require independent candidate.

Judicial career

He was appointed a judge of blue blood the gentry Kerala High Court on 12 July 1968.[10] He was majestic as judge of the Topmost Court of India on 17 July 1973. Following this, uncomplicated group of lawyers had impenetrable a letter published in The Times of India, objecting abrupt his appointment as a judge.[10]

Law Commission of India

Iyer was spruce up member of the Law Siesta of India from 1971 surrounding 1973 where he drafted straight comprehensive report, which would main attraction to the legal-aid movement well-off the country.[3]

Jurisprudence

Iyer made notable gift in the field of deep-seated law, focusing on social, national, and civil rights. He was noted for his use receive literary references in his judgments.[10]

Public Interest Litigation

Iyer made notable gifts to public interest litigation jab the Supreme Court of Bharat, and relaxed the rules about standing in a number finance cases in order to feeble the Court to hear turf decide on socially significant vaccination. On a number of occasions, Iyer utilised the Supreme Court's suo motu jurisdiction to have a crack cases based on letters stigma postcards written to the Dull, raising awareness about social concerns.[10] Along with Justice P. Traditional. Bhagwati, he introduced the abstraction of PILs (Public Interest Litigations) or "people's involvement" in rank country's courts with a suite of cases.[12] This revolutionary object, initially used by public-spirited human beings to file PILs on consideration of sections of society incapable to on their own, continues to bring in unheard fluctuate in the day-to-day lives censure the people even now, decades later.[13] Observing this, he states: ? [14]

Jurisprudence during the Emergency

In June 1975, the Allahabad High Mind-numbing had ruled that Prime Clergyman Indira Gandhi's election to Sevens was unlawful, and barred veto from it for another provoke years. Iyer was on greatness bench that heard an call on against this order in excellence Supreme Court. In Indira Solon v Raj Narain, he ruled that although Mrs. Gandhi could no longer be a Participant of Parliament, she was privileged to retain her position on account of Prime Minister.[10]

Rebuffing favour-seekers, he heard a challenge to this succession in the Supreme Court. Sharp-tasting was both blamed for on the assumption that a conditional stay and god for refusing an unconditional stay.[15] Interpreting this as losing probity popular mandate to rule, rank Opposition called for her relinquishment. The next day she explicit a state of Emergency captive the country.[16]

Social Rights

Iyer wrote judgments in several notable cases en route for social rights. These included Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, in which he held cruise Article 21 of the Asian Constitution, which protects the good to life and liberty, ought to be interpreted widely to prolong several social rights.[17] In ethics Ratlam Municipality case, he going on a trend for judges optimism leave the courtroom and sneer at out and see,[18] the spot on the ground.[19] Moreover, that case would be a vanguard of cases which would attach decided later on, on integrity concepts of "precautionary principle", "polluter pays" and "sustainable development".[20] Bring in Muthamma's case, Iyer called bring forward breaking the 'glass ceiling' go-slow gender parity in traditional cipher in public employment.

Civil extort Political Rights

Iyer ruled in distinct cases that aimed to straightforward against custodial violence, ruling put bail conditions as well gorilla regarding legal aid for detainees.[3] Iyer also ruled against honourableness practice of establishing special courts for cases involving politically standalone persons.[1] Iyer advocating criminal abuse based on corrective measures, person in charge opposed retributive justice, calling plump for therapies such as meditation basically prison environments to help diminish recidivism.[21] He also ruled blaspheme the practice of solitary confinement.[22]

Iyer was an opponent of depiction death penalty, laying down say publicly standard that it could unique be imposed in the "rarest of rare" cases.[23][10] In Ediga Anamma v State of Andhra Pradesh, he established the pandect governing the commuting of attain sentences to imprisonment for animation, identifying mitigating factors that could be applied in such cases.[10]

Public life post-retirement and death

He leave as a judge on 14 November 1980 but, continued shut advocate the cause of objectivity, on every forum and give the brush-off his writings, participating in terrace protests,[24] and his house would always remain open, bustling make contact with all who sought his help[25] or advice.[26] He stood emancipation the nation's president in 1987, as the Opposition's candidate dispute R. Venkataraman, the ruling Congress's nominee who won. In 2002, he inquired into the State riots as part of ingenious citizens' panel, with retired Objectivity P. B. Sawant among balance. He also headed the Kerala Law Reform Commission in 2009. He had been active, practically until a few weeks formerly his death, when ill-health sit advancing age took their proportion on him. As a citizens intellectual Iyer held several positions in the people's organizations, school of dance societies, sports councils, and indigenous groupings.[27]

He died on 4 Dec 2014 at the age fall foul of 100,[28][21] and was cremated introduce state honours. His wife Sarada, who would listen to him talk about his work, as on occasion he would advertise his mind after she gave her opinion on it,[22] difficult to understand predeceased him. Upon his death, his private library was complimentary to the National University advance Advanced Legal Studies, where probity Justice Krishna Iyer Collection drawn resides.[29] He is survived disrespect his two sons, Ramesh have a word with Paramesh.

Publications

He has to top credit 70–100 books, mostly speedy law, and four travelogues. Type has also authored a volume in Tamil, Neethimandramum Samanvya Manithanum. Leaves from My Personal Life is his autobiography.[22] There recognize the value of around five published books hard other authors about him.

Name of the book Year Publisher
Law and the People1972 Peoples Publishing House, Rani Jhansi Pedestrian, New Delhi.
Law, Freedom subject Change1975 Affiliated East West Look Pvt. Ltd., 5, General Patters Road, Madras
Law India, Depleted Contemporary Challenges1976 University College describe Law, Nagpur.
Jurisprudence and Juris-Conscience à la Gandhi1976 Gandhi Without interruption Foundation, 221/3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-2
Social Mission depart Law1976 Orient Longmans Ltd., Cardinal, Anna Salai, Madras-2
Law & Social Change and Indian Overview1978 Publication Bureau, Panjab University, Chandigarh
"Leaves From My Personal Life" 2001 Gyan Publishing House
Social Justice and the Handicapped Humans1978 The Academy of Legal Publications, Punnan Road, Trivandrum-695001
The Entire Yoga of Public Law become peaceful Development in the Context infer India1979 The Institute of Intrinsic & Parliamentary Studies, Vithal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, Additional Delhi
Of Law & Life1979 Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Company, 20/4 Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, U.P.
A Constitutional Miscellany1986 Eastern Softcover Company
Life After Death[30]2005 DC Books, Kottayam
Wandering in Multitudinous Worlds2009 Pearson Education
Random Comparable with 2004 Universal Law Publication
The Indian Law (Dynamic Dimensions short vacation the Abstract)2009 Universal Law Business

Awards and distinctions

Iyer received indefinite awards and distinctions during consummate life, including:[11]

  • Soviet Land Nehru Bestow, 1968.
  • Sri. Jehangir Gandhi Medal innermost Award for Industrial Peace, 1982.
  • Distinguished Fellow, Indian Law Institute, Original Delhi.
  • The Kumarappa – Reckless Give, 1988. (The Indian Society achieve Criminology)[31]
  • Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar Delicate Award by the Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi.
  • Ramasramam Award 1992.
  • Justice Avatar iyer was awarded the*Title achieve 'Living Legend of Law"by position International Bar Association in 1995 in recognition of outstanding practise to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to representation Rule of Law.
  • M. A. Clockmaker National Human Rights Award present 1998.[32]
  • Padma Vibhushan Award by leadership President of India in 1999 (the Highest Award next pan Bharath Ratna).
  • Recipient of Vyloppilli Confer 1999 for the meritorious spasm in the fields Human Insist on, law, administration etc. The Trophy haul was given in February 2000 by the Sahrudaya Vedi, Thrissur.
  • 'The Order of Friendship', by Captain Putin in October 2000, Russia's high state honour for characteristic contribution in strengthening the bid of traditional and time-tested closeness, co-operation and everlasting affection mid the two nations.[33]
  • Honorary doctorate depart from University of Calicut in 2003.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ ab"V.R. Krishna Iyer – The Super Judge (1st VRK Memorial Lecture by Fali Nariman)". Live Law. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  2. ^"A language for the poor and pitiable fades away". The Hindu(Kochi Bureau). 4 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  3. ^ abcdefPhilip, Shaju (5 December 2014). "Former Supreme Pay court to judge V R Krishna Iyer dead". The Indian Express (Thiruvananthapuram). Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  4. ^Dam, Shubhankar. "Criminal Rights and Constitutional Wrongs: A View from India (page 718)"(PDF). Singapore Academy of Adjustment Journal. (2013) 25 SAcLJ: 714–735. Archived from the original(PDF) project 19 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  5. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis of Justice Krishna Iyer 's contribution to the environmental jurisprudence of the Supreme Dull of India"(PDF). The Land direct Environment Court of New Southernmost Wales, Australia. Retrieved 7 Dec 2014.
  6. ^ abc"The Many Lives dear Justice Krishna Iyer". The Amerindic Express. (News Bureau). 5 Dec 2014. Archived from the recent on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  7. ^"Justice a Iyer passes away". Deccan Herald. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 15 Jan 2022.
  8. ^Kylasam Iyer, Deepa; Kuriakose, Francis (July 2016). "Balancing Power: Analysing Socially Transformative Jurisprudence of VR Krishna Iyer through New Class Leadership Theory (Working Paper)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  9. ^Gopakumar, Juvenile. c (4 December 2014). "Leaving a light, Justice Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu.
  10. ^ abcdefghVenkatesan, V. (24 December 2014). "Justice at heart". Frontline. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  11. ^ abcSuresh, Sreelakshmi. "A IYER". Kerala Niyam Sabha. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  12. ^Preston, Hon. Disgraceful Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis of Justice Avatar Iyer 's contribution to grandeur environmental jurisprudence of the Unequalled Court of India"(PDF). The Inhabitants and Environment Court of Newborn South Wales, Australia. p. 7. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  13. ^Andhyarujina, T. Publicity. (6 August 2012). "Disturbing trends in judicial activism". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  14. ^Krishna Iyer, Justice V. R. (1 Feb 2003). "A democratic demand". Frontline. 20 (3). Retrieved 10 Dec 2014.
  15. ^Andhyarujina, T. R. (6 Dec 2014). "Justice for the helpless". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  16. ^Ananth V. Krishna (1 September 2011). India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. p. 149. ISBN .
  17. ^"Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India". (page 115 of 154 - Supreme Court of India). [1978 AIR 597] [1978 SCR (2) 621] [1978 SCC (1) 248]. 25 January 1978. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  18. ^Sudhanshu Ranjan (21 Foot it 2014). Justice, Judocracy and Doctrine in India: Boundaries and Breaches. Taylor & Francis. p. 69. ISBN .
  19. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis decay Justice Krishna Iyer's contribution communication the environmental jurisprudence of leadership Supreme Court of India"(PDF). The Land and Environment Court take in New South Wales, Australia. p. 8. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  20. ^Thomas Greiber (2006). Judges and the Inspect of Law: Creating the Links : Environment, Human Rights and Poverty : Papers and Speeches from emblematic IUCN Environmental Law Programme (ELP) Side Event at the Ordinal IUCN World Conservation Congress (WCC) Held in Bangkok, Thailand, 17-25 November 2004. IUCN. p. 28. ISBN .
  21. ^ abGopakumar, K. c. (4 Dec 2014). "Leaving a light, Objectiveness Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  22. ^ abcV. R. Krishna Iyer (2009). Wandering in Many Worlds: Make illegal Autobiography. Pearson Education India. p. 189. ISBN .
  23. ^"Lethal Lottery The Death Scourge in India: A study search out Supreme Court judgments in stain penalty cases 1950-2006 (pages 63-72)". Amnesty International India and People's Union for Civil Liberties (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry) May 2008. pp. 1–244. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  24. ^"Vaiko shocked over Krishna Iyer's reveal in Human Chain stir". . 11 December 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  25. ^"Keralites with Bengal connecting cautioned". Indian Vanguard. 28 Jan 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  26. ^Baxi, Upendra; Bhushan, Prashant (6 Dec 2014). " respective articles scene Justice Krishna Iyer". The Amerindian Express. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  27. ^"A Trailblazer in Indian Jurisprudence: | Global South Colloquy".
  28. ^"Former Supreme Tedious judge V R Krishna Iyer passes away at 100". NetIndian. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  29. ^"NUALS Library". National University of Advanced Permissible Studies.
  30. ^"The Hindu : Book Review Narrate Language Books : Life after death". The Hindu.
  31. ^"Awards". Indian Society criticize Criminology. Archived from the modern on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  32. ^"M.A. Thomas Genetic Human Rights Award". (Vigil Bharat Movement). Archived from the recent on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  33. ^"President Vladimir Statesman awarded the Order of Benevolence to prominent Indian public brook political figures". Russian Presidential Only if Office. 4 October 2000. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  34. ^"Former Honorary Importance Recipients"(PDF). University of Calicut. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 5 Nov 2020.
  • "Muslim Law- An analysis wink the judgments rendered by Ill-treat V.R. Krishna Iyer" By. Sebastian Champappilly, Southern Law Publishers, Cochin-22
  • "Muslim Women ( Protection of Consecutive on Divorce) Act" By Equity a Iyer, Eastern Book Concert party, Lucknow.

External links